KMID : 1130620190150030353
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Journal of Clinical Neurology 2019 Volume.15 No. 3 p.353 ~ p.359
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of ¥â-Amyloid 40 and ¥â-Amyloid 42 are Proportionately Decreased in Amyloid Positron-Emission Tomography Negative Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients
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Kim Hyun-Jae
Lim Tae-Sung Lee Sun-Min Kim Tae-Sung Kim Young-Bin An Young-Sil Youn Young-Chul Park Sun-Ah Chang Jae-Rak Moon So-Young
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Abstract
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Background and Purpose: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be misleading in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). We therefore investigated the CSF biomarkers in 18F-florbetaben amyloid-negative positron-emission tomography (PET) [amyloid PET(?)] iNPH, amyloid-positive PET [amyloid PET(+)] AD, and cognitively normal (CN) subjects.
Methods: Ten amyloid PET(+) AD patients (56.7¡¾5.6 years old, mean¡¾standard deviation), 10 amyloid PET(?) iNPH patients (72.8¡¾4.5 years old), and 8 CN subjects (61.2¡¾6.5 years old) were included. We measured the levels of ¥â-amyloid (A¥â)40, A¥â42, total tau (t-tau) protein, and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein in the CSF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
Results: The level of A¥â42 and the A¥â42/A¥â40 ratio in the CSF were significantly lower in AD than in iNPH or CN subjects. The A¥â40 level did not differ significantly between AD and iNPH (p=1.000), but it did between AD and CN subjects (p=0.032). The levels of both t-tau and p-tau were higher in AD than in iNPH or CN subjects. The levels of A¥â42, A¥â40, t-tau, and p-tau were lower in iNPH than in CN subjects, but there was no significant difference after controlling for age.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the mechanism underlying low CSF A¥â levels differs between amyloid PET(?) iNPH and amyloid PET(+) AD subjects. The lower levels of all CSF biomarkers in iNPH patients might be due to reduced clearances from extracellular fluid and decreased brain metabolism of the periventricular zone in iNPH resulting from glymphatic dysfunction.
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KEYWORD
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Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, amyloid positron-emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid
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